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A key principle in Montessori philosophy, '''Human Tendencies''' refers to certain predispositions that are considered universal across human beings, irrespective of age, culture, or race.<ref>Montessori, M. (1973). From Childhood to Adolescence. Schocken Books.</ref> These tendencies have been present since the beginning of the human species and are believed to have an evolutionary origin. Mario Montessori referred to the importance of these tendencies when he stated, "Montessori stresses the need to serve those special traits that have proved to be tendencies of Man throughout his history."<ref>Montessori, M. M. (1966). Education for Human Development: Understanding Montessori. Schocken Books.</ref><br />
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== Montessori Quotes ==<br />
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*"We then become witnesses to the development of the human soul; the emergence of the New Man, who will no longer be the victim of events but, thanks to his clarity of vision, will become able to direct and to mould the future of mankind."<ref>Montessori, M. (1949). The Absorbent Mind. Clio Press.</ref><br />
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*"The child has a mind able to absorb knowledge. He has the power to teach himself."<ref>Montessori, M. (1949). The Absorbent Mind. Clio Press.</ref><br />
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== Research and Critiques ==<br />
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*'''Pros''': The concept of human tendencies highlights the importance of addressing the innate characteristics and drives of individuals in education. It aligns with research on intrinsic motivation and the benefits of aligning education with human nature.<ref>Lillard, A. (2017). Montessori: The Science Behind the Genius. Oxford University Press.</ref><br />
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*'''Cons''': Critics suggest that the concept of universal human tendencies may overlook individual, cultural, and contextual differences in learning and development.<ref>Egan, K. (2002). Getting it wrong from the beginning: Our progressivist inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. Yale University Press.</ref><br />
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== Comparisons to Other Methods ==<br />
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Traditional education models often focus on delivering a standardized curriculum, while Montessori education pays attention to innate human tendencies to create an environment that nurtures each child's individual process of development.<ref>Mooney, C. (2013). Theories of Childhood, Second Edition: An Introduction to Dewey, Montessori, Erikson, Piaget & Vygotsky. Redleaf Press.</ref><br />
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== See Also ==<br />
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*[[Montessori Method]]<br />
*[[Prepared Environment (Montessori)]]<br />
*[[Planes of Development (Montessori)]]<br />
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{{Glossary of Montessori Terms}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
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